Phobic Postural Vertigo (FPV) and Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) are types of functional dizziness characterized by dizziness and balance issues that cannot be fully explained by an organic pathology. These conditions often lead to chronic problems that significantly impact patients’ quality of life.
Also referred to as Functional Dizziness, these disorders are frequently associated with anxiety, depression, or psychological stress. FPV typically develops following a sudden episode of vertigo, with patients often feeling constantly alert due to a fear of falling or losing balance. This condition is part of a symptom complex known as Psychogenic Dizziness.
PPPD, previously known as Chronic Subjective Dizziness (CSD), has recently been redefined as a distinct clinical category. PPPD is characterized by the persistent or recurrent sensation of dizziness or imbalance, often experienced even while stationary. Space-motion discomfort is a key feature of PPPD, with symptoms particularly exacerbated in visually complex environments, such as crowded shopping malls or fast-moving traffic.
Visual Vertigo is a common phenomenon in FPV and PPPD patients. Individuals become hypersensitive to environmental visual stimuli, with an overload of such stimuli further impairing their sense of balance. This issue arises from the brain’s improper processing of visual information, creating significant challenges in daily life.
Although the underlying mechanisms of these disorders are not yet fully understood, heightened sensitivity of the central nervous system’s balance functions to sensory inputs appears to play a major role. Treatment approaches typically involve a multidisciplinary strategy. Vestibular rehabilitation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and, when necessary, the use of anxiolytic or antidepressant medications are effective in managing symptoms.
In conclusion, FPV and PPPD are key components of the functional dizziness spectrum, and a holistic approach to patient symptoms is essential for effective management of these conditions.